Plant Formation by Seeds | Science | Class 7

Plant Formation by Seeds | Science | Class 7

Introduction:
Plants reproduce in different ways, and formation by seeds is the most common method in flowering plants. Seeds are produced after fertilisation and can grow into new plants under suitable conditions.

Process of Plant Formation by Seeds

1. Pollination – Transfer of pollen grains from the anther to the stigma of a flower.
2. Fertilisation – Fusion of male and female gametes inside the ovary, forming a zygote.
3. Seed Formation – The zygote develops into an embryo, and the ovary changes into a fruit containing seeds.
4. Seed Germination – Under suitable conditions (air, water, warmth), the seed sprouts into a new plant.

Parts of a Seed

Part	Function
Seed coat	Protective outer covering.
Cotyledons	Store food for the developing embryo.
Embryo	Young plant with radicle (root) and plumule (shoot).

Conditions Required for Germination

• Water – Softens the seed coat and activates enzymes.
• Air (Oxygen) – Needed for respiration.
• Suitable temperature – For metabolic activities.

Examples

Gram, Bean, Wheat, Mango

Importance of Seed Formation

• Ensures survival of species.
• Helps in dispersal to new places.
• Maintains plant diversity.

Note: Some plants like potato and ginger grow without seeds, by vegetative propagation.

Diagram: